Iranian Higher Education
Volume 17, Issue 3 (2025)
ihej 2025, 17(3): 43-64 |
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lotfi khachaki B, mahdizadeh M. A Systematic analysis of the consequences of immigration of university graduates. ihej 2025; 17 (3) :43-64
URL: http://ihej.ir/article-1-2150-en.html
URL: http://ihej.ir/article-1-2150-en.html
1- Assistant Professor, Department of Social Sciences Education, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran.
2- Assistant Professor, Department of Theory-Oriented STI Studies, National Science Policy Research Institute, Tehran, Iran. ,mahdizadeh@nrisp.ac.ir
2- Assistant Professor, Department of Theory-Oriented STI Studies, National Science Policy Research Institute, Tehran, Iran. ,
Abstract: (556 Views)
Objective: The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the consequences and positive and negative effects of the immigration of university graduates.
Methods: The method of the present study is a systematic review of previous studies using two strategies: descriptive systematic review and qualitative meta-analysis, in which 65 articles published in reputable domestic journals between 2001 and 2024 were examined. A review of the empirical background of the study showed that despite the existence of some domestic research in the field of systematic review and meta-analysis of elite immigration, the present study is more innovative and more comprehensive than other meta-analyses researches in this field in terms of its different approach (dealing with the consequences of immigration of university graduates), wide time span (meta-analysis of researches between 2001 and 2024), and number of articles reviewed (65 articles).
Results: The findings show that the immigration of university graduates can be positive or negative for immigrant-sending and immigrant-receiving countries in various dimensions, but most of these consequences are negative for immigrant-sending countries and, conversely, positive for immigrant-receiving countries. The aforementioned consequences were divided into five categories: socio-cultural consequences (strengthening elite cooperation networks, introducing national culture, improving awareness, reducing human capital, intensifying social inequalities, increasing social harms, changing identity characteristics, family problems, etc.), economic consequences (creating bilateral trade flows, capital return, improving job status, income gap and inequality, economic leakage, slowing development, declining employment quality, decreasing tax revenue, wasting education costs, etc.), demographic-biological consequences (decreasing elite genes, decreasing population of origin, changing the age and sex composition of the population, etc.), scientific-educational consequences (updating knowledge, transferring technology, increasing scientific production, decreasing scientific production, wasting resources and reducing specialized human resources, decreasing scientific innovation capabilities, increasing technological dependence, etc.), and political-security consequences (training cultural ambassadors, increasing dependence on military weapons, using specialized immigrant forces as opponents of the regime, enhancing Iran phobia, etc.).
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the immigration of university graduates has numerous positive and negative effects, and in addition to the opportunities that are available for the exploitation of elites and educated people within the country, there are also threats outside the borders to attract elites. Therefore, in a proper planning, the positive and negative effects of the immigration of university graduates should be viewed together, with realism and away from dogma and security perspective. By adopting active approaches and appropriate policies, the basis for using the capacity of immigrants and specialized forces should be prepared.
Methods: The method of the present study is a systematic review of previous studies using two strategies: descriptive systematic review and qualitative meta-analysis, in which 65 articles published in reputable domestic journals between 2001 and 2024 were examined. A review of the empirical background of the study showed that despite the existence of some domestic research in the field of systematic review and meta-analysis of elite immigration, the present study is more innovative and more comprehensive than other meta-analyses researches in this field in terms of its different approach (dealing with the consequences of immigration of university graduates), wide time span (meta-analysis of researches between 2001 and 2024), and number of articles reviewed (65 articles).
Results: The findings show that the immigration of university graduates can be positive or negative for immigrant-sending and immigrant-receiving countries in various dimensions, but most of these consequences are negative for immigrant-sending countries and, conversely, positive for immigrant-receiving countries. The aforementioned consequences were divided into five categories: socio-cultural consequences (strengthening elite cooperation networks, introducing national culture, improving awareness, reducing human capital, intensifying social inequalities, increasing social harms, changing identity characteristics, family problems, etc.), economic consequences (creating bilateral trade flows, capital return, improving job status, income gap and inequality, economic leakage, slowing development, declining employment quality, decreasing tax revenue, wasting education costs, etc.), demographic-biological consequences (decreasing elite genes, decreasing population of origin, changing the age and sex composition of the population, etc.), scientific-educational consequences (updating knowledge, transferring technology, increasing scientific production, decreasing scientific production, wasting resources and reducing specialized human resources, decreasing scientific innovation capabilities, increasing technological dependence, etc.), and political-security consequences (training cultural ambassadors, increasing dependence on military weapons, using specialized immigrant forces as opponents of the regime, enhancing Iran phobia, etc.).
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the immigration of university graduates has numerous positive and negative effects, and in addition to the opportunities that are available for the exploitation of elites and educated people within the country, there are also threats outside the borders to attract elites. Therefore, in a proper planning, the positive and negative effects of the immigration of university graduates should be viewed together, with realism and away from dogma and security perspective. By adopting active approaches and appropriate policies, the basis for using the capacity of immigrants and specialized forces should be prepared.
Keywords: immigration, consequences, university graduates, systematic review, opportunities, threats.
Type of article: Research |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2025/10/7 | Accepted: 2025/11/1 | ePublished ahead of print: 2025/12/28
Received: 2025/10/7 | Accepted: 2025/11/1 | ePublished ahead of print: 2025/12/28
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